Spices used in Indian cookery, Role of spices in Indian cookery, Indian equivalent of spices (names)
Indian Condiment & Spices Hindi & English Name with Their Uses in Kitchen
1. Ajowan
(Ajwain)
2. Aniseed
(Saunf)
3. Asafoetida
(Hing)
4. Bay Leaf
(Taj Patta)
5. Green Cardamom (Choti elaichi)
6. Black Cardamom (Moti/Badi elaichi)
7. Cinnamon
(Dalchini)
8. Clove
(Laung)
9. Coriander Seed (Dhaniya)
10. Cumin
(Jeera/Zeera)
11. Chilli
(Mirch)
12. Fenugreek
(Methi daana)
13. Wild Mangosteen (Kokum)
14. Mace and Nutmeg (Javitri and Jaiphal)
15. Mustard
(Sarson/Rai)
16. Nigella
(Kolonji/Onion seeds)
17. Pepper
(Kali Mirch)
18. Poppy Seeds
(Khus Khus)
19. Saffron
(Kesar/Zafran)
20. Turmeric
(Haldi/Yellow ginger)
21. Curry Leaf
(Kari Patta)
22. Dried Ginger
(Saunth)
23. Black Salt
(Kala namak)
24. Allspice
(Kebab cheeni)
25. Cubeb Pepper (Pipli/Long
pepper)
26. Dill
(Sowa)
27. Liquorice
(Mulethi/Black sugar)
28. Star Anise
(Badalphool/Chakriphool)
29. Zedoary
(Aam haldi/Wild turmeric)
30. Celery Seeds
(Radhuni)
31. Marjoram
(Marwa)
32. Oregano
(Sathra/ Mountain mint)
33. Capers
(Marathi Moggu/ Kiari/ Kabra)
34. Stone Flower
(Pathar ka phool)
35. Cobra Saffron
(Nag kesar)
36. Basil Seeds
(Subza)
37. Root of Betel
(Paan ki jadh)
NAME |
TYPE |
CHARACTERISTICS |
EXAMPLE
USE |
Allspice |
Whole
or ground #spice |
Small
brown berry. Flavour resembles a combination, cinnamon, clove and nutmeg.
Native to W. India. – Spices and #Herbs SL 326 |
Sausages,
braised meats, poached fish, cooked fruits, puddings, pies, relishes |
Anise |
Whole
or ground spice |
Licorice
flavour, native to Spain, China, and Syria. |
Cookies,
pastries, bread. |
Basil |
Herb
leaf; fresh or dried |
Aromatic
green leaf, member of mint family. Can be grown fresh in warm weather. |
Tomato
dishes, Pesto, egg dishes, salads, marinades, fish, compound butters. |
Bay
leaf |
Whole
leaf herb |
Stiff,
dark green, oblong leaf. Pungent aroma. Reminiscent of sassafras. Comes from
laurel tree. |
Stocks,
sauces, soups, stews, braised meats. |
Bouquet
garni |
Flavouring
mix |
A
personal selection of herbs, vegetables and occasionally spices, often tied
with a string. – Spices and Herbs SL 329 |
Stocks,
soups, sauces |
Caraway |
Whole
spice, seed. |
Dark
brown curved seed. Grown in Northern Europe. |
Rye
breads, cabbage, sauerkraut, Eastern European cuisine. |
Cardamom |
Whole
pod or ground seed spice. |
Tiny
brown seeds, white on green pods. Sweet and aromatic, expensive. Native of
India and Guatemala. |
Pickling,
Danish pastries, curries |
Cayenne |
Ground
spice, seed. |
Ground
hot red pepper. Very powerful. Native to French Guiana. |
In
small amounts: soups, sauces, fish, eggs. |
Celery
seed |
Whole
or ground spice, seed |
Tiny
brown seed, with strong celery flavour. Too much can create a “hot” spice
effect. |
Salads,
dressings, pickling, tomato dishes, marinades. – Spices and Herbs SL 321 |
Chervil |
Herb
leaf, fresh or dried |
Mild
flavour of parsley and tarragon |
Soup,
salads, sauces, egg dishes, chicken, fish, dressings. |
Chili
powder |
Ground
spice, blend |
Blend
of ground cumin, chili pepper, oregano, all spice. Can be mild or hot |
Chili,
stews, sauces, ground meats. |
Chives |
Fresh,
dried, frozen herb |
Fine,
hollow, green top of a very small onion |
Salads,
egg and cheese dishes, fish soups, sauces. |
Cilantro |
Leaf
herb, dried or fresh |
Light
green aromatic leaf. Shape of flat parsley but much more pungent flavour.
Leaf from coriander seed. – Spices and Herbs SL 333 |
Salads,
salsa, sauces, soups, eggs, dressings |
Cinnamon |
Stick
or ground spice |
Aromatic
bark from cinnamon or cassia tree. Reddish brown colour. Native to east
India. |
Preserves,
stewed fruits, breads, pastries, desserts, ham, hot beverages. |
Clove |
Whole
or ground spice |
Dried
flowerbud of tropical clove tree, pungent, sweet in flavour. Native to
Indonesia. |
Whole:
Marinades, stocks, sauces, braised meats, hams, and pickling. Ground:
pastries, fruits and cakes. |
Coriander |
Whole
or ground spice |
Round,
light brown seed. Slightly aromatic flavour. Native to Argentina and Morocco.
Seed to cilantro leaf. |
Pickling,
sausage, stocks, pork, curries, gingerbread, salsa, dressings. – Spices and
Herbs SL 259 |
Cumin |
Whole
or ground seed, spice |
Small
seed resembling caraway, but lighter in colour. Grown in Mexico and Syria. |
Ingredient
in chili and curry powder blends. Sausage, meats, salsa, egg, and cheese
dishes. |
Curry |
Ground
blend, spice |
Mixture
of approx. 20 spices, peppery, yellow in colour. Includes turmeric, cumin,
coriander, ginger, clove, cinnamon. Can vary from mild to very hot. |
Curry
dishes, vegetables, soups, sauces, fish, meat, rice. |
Dill |
Whole
seed or “dill weed” which are leaves. Leaf fresh or dried. |
Herb
and seed with “ dill pickle” flavour. Seed more pungent than herb. |
Seed:
Pickling soups, sauerkraut, marinades. Herbs: Salads, soups, fish and
shellfish, vegetables, sauces, vinegar. |
Fennel |
Whole
seed |
Greenish
brown seed, similar in flavour to anise. Grown in S. America, Asia, and
Africa. |
Sausage,
tomato, sauces, marinades, fish, pickling. |
Fine
herbes |
Herb
blend |
Generally
a bouquet blend of three or more herbs used to enhance various dishes. Finely
chopped herb mixture – chives, tarragon, parsley, basil, savoury, etc. –
Spices and Herbs SL 257 |
Herb
sauce, compound butters, broiled, fish, cold sauces. |
Garlic |
Fresh,
whole bulb. Dried: granulated powder, or mixed with salt. |
Strong,
aromatic member of onion family. – Spices and Herbs SL 259 |
Used
widely in cooking. |
Ginger |
Spice,
fresh whole, dried powder, candied, crystallized, or pickled. |
Light
brown knobby root from tropical plant. |
Baked
goods, desserts, fruits, curry dishes, pickling, chutney, Chinese, Caribbean
and Japanese cuisine. |
Juniper
Berry |
Whole
spice |
Slightly
soft, purple berry, “Piney” flavour. Principle flavour of gin. |
Marinades,
game dishes, sauerkraut. |
Mace |
Whole
“blade” or ground spice. |
Made
from outer covering of nutmeg. Orange red in colour. Aromatic, similar to
nutmeg in flavour but milder. |
Baked
goods, desserts, fruits, sausage, fish, vegetables, preserves. |
Marjoram |
Dried
herb leaf |
Grey
green herb from mint family. Similar to oregano but milder. |
Beef,
veal, lamb, sausage, pâtés, poultry, stews, soups, vegetables, salads,
sauces. |
Mint |
Herb
leaf, fresh or dried. |
Aromatic
herb with cool flavour. Spearmint and peppermint are most common. |
Lamb,
fruits, tea, fruit, beverages, peas, carrots, potatoes, jellies, soups,
sauces. |
Mirepoix |
Flavouring
mix |
Mixture
of vegetables, herbs and spices used to enhance the flavour of meat, fish and
shellfish dishes. Common ingredients are – onion, celery, carrot, leek,
garlic, peppercorns, bayleaf, clove, thyme and rosemary. |
Stocks,
soups, sauces, roasts. |
Mustard
seed |
Whole
and ground seed |
Very
pungent seed – white, yellow or brown. – Spices and Herbs SL 297 |
Blended
w/vinegar to make prepared mustard. Pickling, sauces, salsa, Prepared:
Sandwiches sauces, dressings, ham. |
Nasturtium |
Leaf
and seed. |
Plant
with yellow, orange, and red flowers, with sharp casting leaves and seeds
with pungent odour. |
Salads,
pickling, mustard. |
Nutmeg |
Whole
or ground spice |
Sweet,
aromatic kernel of nutmeg fruit. Grown in Netherlands and East and West
Indies. |
Baked
goods, pies, cream sauces, soups, chicken, veal, vegetables, desserts,
breads. |
Oregano |
Leaf or
ground herb, fresh or dried. |
Pungent
herb, similar to marjoram, but stronger. Native to Italy and Mexico, grown
domestically. |
Italian
and Mexican dishes, tomato sauces, soups, sauces, stews, meats, salads,
marinades. |
Paprika |
Ground
spice |
Ground
from dried sweet red pepper. Spanish: Bright and mild. Hungarian: Darker and
more pungent. |
Asset
to bland pale food. Fish, sauces, dressings, garnish. |
Parsley |
Fresh
leaf herb in bunches. Dried. |
Green
leaf, curly or flat, with delicate sweet flavour. Excellent source of vitamin
C. |
Garnish,
fried stews, sauces, salads, vegetables, potatoes. |
Pepper |
Whole
“peppercorns” black, white, or green, cracked medium or fine ground. |
Small
hard berry. Black: Pungent, aromatic. White: What is left when black outer
casing is removed, milder. Adds sharp tang to all foods. Green: Packed in
mild brine. |
Widely
used with just about all foods including green in sweets. |
Poppy
seeds |
Whole
spice |
Tiny
blue black seeds with crunchy nut like flavour. It is a product of the opium
poppy, but does not contain opium |
Garnish
for breads, rolls, pastry, fillings, cookies, cakes, salsa, dressings. |
Rosemary |
Whole
leaf herb, fresh or dried. |
Light
green leaf resembling pine needles. Very aromatic. Once grown, very healthy
and strong, even in cold weather. |
Lamb,
fish, beef, sauces, soups, stews, salads, marinades. |
Sachet
bag |
Spice
mix |
Various
spices tied in a small cheesecloth sack. – Spices and Herbs SL 252 |
Braised
meats, game stews, pickling, soups, sauces |
Saffron |
Whole
“threads” spice |
Only
the stigmas from the saffron crocus are used. Very expensive. Gives bright
yellow colour to foods. Mild distinctive flavour. |
Flavour
and colour baked goods, rice, potatoes, soups, sauces, curry, meats. |
Sage |
Whole,
rubbed, or ground herb leaf, fresh or dried. |
Pungent
grey green herb with fuzzy leaves, oblong shape. |
Stuffing’s,
meats, poultry, soups, stews, salads, fish. |
Savory |
Fresh
or dried herb leaf |
Fragrant
herb of mint family. Summer preferred to winter. |
Salads,
eggs, vegetables, stuffing’s, soups, meats, fish, sauces. |
Sesame |
Whole
(hulled or unhulled) seed |
Small
yellowish seed with nutty taste. High oil content. Imported from Asia, East
and Central America. |
Can be
roasted. Bread and roll garnish, salads, oriental candy. |
Tarragon |
Fresh,
dried, pickled herb leaf. |
Delicate
green herb that is both mint and licorice – like. Small oblong leaf. – Spices
and Herbs SL 265 |
Béarnaise
sauce, tarragon vinegar, chicken, fish, salads, dressings, eggs. |
Thyme |
Fresh
or dried herb leaf, crushed or ground |
Tiny
brownish green leaf, very aromatic. – Spices and Herbs SL 297 |
Soups,
chowders, stocks, sauces, meats, poultry, salads, dressing. |
Turmeric |
Ground
spice |
Intense
yellow root of ginger family. Mild but peppery flavour |
Curry
powder, pickles, relish, salads, eggs, rice, chow – chow. |
Comments
Post a Comment